{"id":3472,"date":"2020-04-05T23:44:32","date_gmt":"2020-04-05T23:44:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/?p=3472"},"modified":"2025-01-31T04:37:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-31T02:37:50","slug":"mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/","title":{"rendered":"Mobility and COVID-19 cases. Did Brazil stop?"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\"><b>Reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/b><\/span><\/span>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"674\" data-attachment-id=\"3485\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/covid19-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/COVID19-1.jpg?fit=1200%2C674&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,674\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"COVID19-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/COVID19-1.jpg?fit=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/COVID19-1.jpg?fit=640%2C359&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/COVID19-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C575&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3485\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/COVID19-1.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/COVID19-1.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/COVID19-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C575&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/COVID19-1.jpg?resize=768%2C431&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>Illustration du nouveau coronavirus, Covid-19 &#8211; Mars 2020 \/ \u00a9 UPI\/MaxPPP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">You have probably heard that Google has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/covid19\/mobility\/\">released<\/a> a set of mobility reports recently. The site hosting these reports, the so-called COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports, begins with the following sentence: &#8220;See how your community is moving differently due to COVID19&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is it about?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Google offers a Location History feature in its services\/systems that monitors the location, and consequently the displacement, of users. This data can be accessed and disabled at any time by users. According to Google, this feature needs to be activated voluntarily, as it is disabled by default. Based on this information, they observed how and where these individuals used to go in a period prior to the COVID-19 outbreak and how and where they are moving now, during the outbreak. There is a clear bias here. People who do not have a cell phone or tablet, or who have not activated this feature, are out of their sampling and this can impact the conclusions of the report. Still, it&#8217;s worth a look.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The reports are divided by countries and obviously Brazil caught my attention (you can access the report for Brazil by clicking <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gstatic.com\/covid19\/mobility\/2020-03-29_BR_Mobility_Report_en.pdf\">here<\/a>). They do not make the data available in a format that facilitates its manipulation and analysis, unfortunately. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vitorbaptista\">Vitor Baptista<\/a> took care of this for us \ud83d\ude42 He used <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/vitorbaptista\/google-covid19-mobility-reports\">Python<\/a> to extract the data from these PDF reports (not only for Brazil but also some other countries) and generate a CSV (comma-separated value) file that you can download by clicking <a href=\"https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/vitorbaptista\/google-covid19-mobility-reports\/master\/data\/processed\/mobility_reports.csv\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ready for the analysis?<\/h3>\n\n\n\t<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-gif aligncenter\">\n\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-gif-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:94%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/giphy.com\/embed\/CjmvTCZf2U3p09Cn0h\" title=\"let&#039;s go\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The first thing that came to my mind was to see how this variation in displacements is related to variables in these states (population density, for example) and the growth rate of the number of cases of COVID19. With that in mind, I downloaded the most current data from the <a href=\"https:\/\/covid.saude.gov.br\/\">official COVID19 dashboard of te Ministry of Health<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/cidades-e-estados\">data about Brazilian states from the IBGE website<\/a>. I put all these files in a directory, I entered it through R, loaded some libraries that I will need soon at the beginning of this analysis and then read the files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102200777\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-1-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"1.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 08:41PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"1.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">setwd(&#39;\/home\/mribeirodantas\/COVID mobility\/&#39;)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">\n<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">library(readr)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">library(dplyr)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">library(lubridate)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">\n<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L7\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"7\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC7\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Source: https:\/\/covid.saude.gov.br\/<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L8\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"8\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC8\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">brazil &lt;- read_csv2(file = &#39;brazil n_cases.csv&#39;)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L9\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"9\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC9\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Source: https:\/\/github.com\/vitorbaptista\/google-covid19-mobility-reports<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L10\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"10\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC10\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">mobility &lt;- read_delim(file = &#39;mobility_reports.csv&#39;, delim = &#39;,&#39;)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L11\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"11\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC11\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Source: https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/cidades-e-estados<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-L12\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"12\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-1-r-LC12\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">ibge &lt;- read_delim(file = &#39;IBGE.csv&#39;, &#39;,&#39;, skip = 1)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/095335506675f6d667498ddf1d00d56e\/raw\/ebdb42c4111193005cf70c010acac116212f0b4f\/1.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/095335506675f6d667498ddf1d00d56e#file-1-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          1.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ministry of Health dataset<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The dataset I downloaded from the Ministry of Health dashboard has 7 variables: <em>regiao<\/em>, <em>estado<\/em>, <em>data<\/em>, <em>casosNovos<\/em>, <em>casosAcumulados<\/em>, <em>obitosNovos<\/em> and <em>obitosAcumulados<\/em>. The idea is to work state by state, that is, group by state, sort by date, and calculate the growth rate from one day to the next. The code I just described follows below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102200849\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-2-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"2.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 08:48PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"2.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Fun\u00e7\u00e3o para calcular a taxa de crescimento di\u00e1ria<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">growth_rate &lt;- function(x) {<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">   (x\/lag(x)-1)*100<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">}<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">\n<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Transformando o campo data para uma data v\u00e1lida<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L7\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"7\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC7\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">brazil$data &lt;- dmy(brazil$data)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L8\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"8\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC8\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">\n<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L9\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"9\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC9\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Calculando a taxa de cresc di\u00e1ria do n\u00famero de casos<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L10\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"10\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC10\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">brazil %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L11\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"11\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC11\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> select(estado, data, casosAcumulados) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L12\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"12\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC12\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> arrange(estado, data) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L13\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"13\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC13\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> group_by(estado) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L14\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"14\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC14\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> mutate(growth_rate_cases = growth_rate(casosAcumulados)) -&gt; df<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L15\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"15\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC15\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">\n<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L16\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"16\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC16\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Calculando a taxa de cresc di\u00e1ria do n\u00famero de \u00f3bitos<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L17\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"17\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC17\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">brazil %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L18\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"18\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC18\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> select(estado, data, obitosAcumulados) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L19\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"19\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC19\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> arrange(estado, data) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L20\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"20\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC20\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> group_by(estado) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L21\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"21\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC21\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> mutate(growth_rate_obitos = growth_rate(obitosAcumulados)) -&gt; df2<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L22\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"22\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC22\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">\n<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L23\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"23\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC23\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Juntando isso em um s\u00f3 dataframe<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-L24\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"24\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-2-r-LC24\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">df &lt;- merge(df, df2, by=c(&#39;estado&#39;, &#39;data&#39;))<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/46a66a42692dea3a3f35e913c265d02f\/raw\/8e5f8261138d7923d489b6bdccfe98d72ad1ddb3\/2.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/46a66a42692dea3a3f35e913c265d02f#file-2-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          2.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Another thing that we need to take care of is to compare the same epidemiological week. As the number of cases tends to double with an alarming frequency (days, if not just a few days), comparing the scenario of a state after a month of the beginning of the outbreak with a state that has just identified its first cases would not be adequate. The correct thing would be to compare the beginning with the beginning, and so on. Based on this, we will ignore the lines, by state, prior to the first confirmed case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102200925\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-3-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"3.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 08:52PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"3.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-3-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-3-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">df %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-3-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-3-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  group_by(estado) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-3-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-3-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  slice(which(growth_rate_casos == Inf)[1]:n()) -&gt; df<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/87de4421567a3ca9635d4205a6a15ca0\/raw\/23ba4d619a4e0e8283ed41c8f385d6334a34b995\/3.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/87de4421567a3ca9635d4205a6a15ca0#file-3-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          3.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">You may be curious about the <em>Inf<\/em> in the code above. If you calculate the growth rate from 0 to any other number, in one part of your equation you will have a number over zero and that is equal to infinity. Therefore, the first moment we encounter an Inf is because the first case occurred. And we removed what was <strong>before<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Now that we have our <em>dataframe<\/em> with growth rate information, we will calculate the average daily rates (for new cases and new deaths taking into account the accumulated values) for each state and we are ready with regard to this dataset. After that, we delete the variables that we will no longer use. The <em>is.finite<\/em> filter is just to remove the remaining Inf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102200943\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-4-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"4.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 08:54PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"4.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">df %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  group_by(estado) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  filter(is.finite(growth_rate_casos)) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  filter(is.finite(growth_rate_obitos)) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  summarise_at(c(&#39;growth_rate_casos&#39;, &#39;growth_rate_obitos&#39;), funs(mean)) -&gt; casos_obitos<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-4-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">rm(df2, brasil, df, growth_rate)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/ef90c8933c00d69c45900dc2f1f027e6\/raw\/7d951b2c15684587f3d893a00002601842663ad6\/4.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/ef90c8933c00d69c45900dc2f1f027e6#file-4-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          4.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Google Mobility dataset<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">This dataset contains the following variables: country, region, updated_at, retail_and_recreation, grocery_and_pharmacy, parks, transit_stations, workplaces and residential. The data I downloaded was last updated on March 29th. If you opened the report, you will see the definition of these variables, which I bring below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><strong>retail_and_recreation<\/strong>: Places such as restaurants, cafes, shopping centers, theme parks, museums, libraries and cinemas.<br><strong>grocery_and_pharmacy<\/strong>: Places such as grocery stores, markets, food stores, specialty food stores, drugstores and pharmacies.<br><strong>parks<\/strong>: Places like national parks, public beaches, marinas, dog parks, squares and public gardens.<br><strong>transit_stations<\/strong>: Places like public transport hubs, such as metro, bus and train stations.<br><strong>workplaces<\/strong>: Work places.<br><strong>residential<\/strong>: Residential area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The first thing we will do is remove the <em>updated_at<\/em> column, that does not interest us, filter for data related to Brazil and correct the name of the states to match the state names in the Ministry of Health dataset, which are the acronyms of the federation units (RN, SP, RJ, etc.). This will be important when we have to  merge the data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102201053\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-5-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"5.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 09:06PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"5.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">mobility %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> filter(country == &#39;Brazil&#39;) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> select(-c(&#39;updated_at&#39;)) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Updating state names<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> mutate(region = case_when(region == &#39;State of Acre&#39; ~ &#39;AC&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Amap\u00e1&#39; ~&#39;AP&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L7\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"7\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC7\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Esp\u00edrito Santo&#39; ~ &#39;ES&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L8\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"8\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC8\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Maranh\u00e3o&#39; ~ &#39;MA&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L9\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"9\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC9\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Mato Grosso do Sul&#39; ~ &#39;MS&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L10\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"10\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC10\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Paran\u00e1&#39; ~ &#39;PR&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L11\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"11\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC11\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Par\u00e1&#39; ~ &#39;PA&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L12\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"12\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC12\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Piau\u00ed&#39; ~ &#39;PI&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L13\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"13\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC13\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Rio Grande do Sul&#39; ~ &#39;RS&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L14\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"14\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC14\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Rond\u00f4nia&#39; ~ &#39;RO&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L15\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"15\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC15\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Santa Catarina&#39; ~ &#39;SC&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L16\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"16\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC16\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of S\u00e3o Paulo&#39; ~ &#39;SP&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L17\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"17\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC17\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;Federal District&#39; ~ &#39;DF&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L18\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"18\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC18\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Alagoas&#39; ~ &#39;AL&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L19\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"19\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC19\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Amazonas&#39; ~ &#39;AM&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L20\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"20\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC20\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Cear\u00e1&#39; ~ &#39;CE&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L21\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"21\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC21\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Goi\u00e1s&#39; ~ &#39;GO&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L22\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"22\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC22\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Mato Grosso&#39; ~ &#39;MT&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L23\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"23\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC23\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Minas Gerais&#39; ~ &#39;MG&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L24\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"24\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC24\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Para\u00edba&#39; ~ &#39;PB&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L25\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"25\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC25\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Pernambuco&#39; ~ &#39;PE&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L26\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"26\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC26\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Rio Grande do Norte&#39; ~ &#39;RN&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L27\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"27\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC27\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Rio de Janeiro&#39; ~ &#39;RJ&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L28\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"28\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC28\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Roraima&#39; ~ &#39;RR&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L29\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"29\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC29\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Sergipe&#39; ~ &#39;SE&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L30\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"30\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC30\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Bahia&#39; ~ &#39;BA&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-L31\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"31\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-5-r-LC31\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                           region == &#39;State of Tocantins&#39; ~ &#39;TO&#39;)) -&gt; mobility<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/be2743746c2a96bde0c60c25702cac79\/raw\/2515f6f456ff9ad83162d123315edf6c4ad604a7\/5.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/be2743746c2a96bde0c60c25702cac79#file-5-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          5.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IBGE dataset<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The IBGE dataset also needs some pre-processing. We will also change the name of the states, ignore lines that are not related to the information we want and columns as well. This dataset has the following variables: UF, C\u00f3digo, Gent\u00edlico, Governador [2019], Capital [2010], \u00c1rea Territorial &#8211; km\u00b2 [2018], Popula\u00e7\u00e3o estimada &#8211; pessoas [2019], Densidade demogr\u00e1fica &#8211; hab\/km\u00b2 [2010], Matr\u00edculas no ensino fundamental &#8211; matr\u00edculas [2018], IDH [2010], Receitas realizadas\u2026 and several other columns that do not interest me for this analysis. I kept only population, population density, and state name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102201074\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-6-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"6.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 09:08PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"6.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">ibge %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> select(`UF [-]`, `Popula&amp;ccedil;&amp;atilde;o estimada &#8211; pessoas [2019]`,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">        `Densidade demogr&amp;aacute;fica &#8211; hab\/km&amp;sup2; [2010]`) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> mutate(`UF [-]` = case_when(`UF [-]` == &#39;Acre&#39; ~ &#39;AC&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Alagoas&#39; ~ &#39;AL&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Amap&amp;aacute;&#39; ~ &#39;AP&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L7\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"7\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC7\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Amazonas&#39; ~ &#39;AM&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L8\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"8\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC8\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Bahia&#39; ~ &#39;BA&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L9\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"9\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC9\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Cear&amp;aacute;&#39; ~ &#39;CE&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L10\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"10\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC10\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Distrito Federal&#39; ~ &#39;DF&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L11\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"11\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC11\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Esp&amp;iacute;rito Santo&#39; ~ &#39;ES&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L12\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"12\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC12\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Goi&amp;aacute;s&#39; ~ &#39;GO&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L13\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"13\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC13\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Maranh&amp;atilde;o&#39; ~ &#39;MA&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L14\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"14\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC14\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Mato Grosso&#39; ~ &#39;MT&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L15\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"15\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC15\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Mato Grosso do Sul&#39; ~ &#39;MS&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L16\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"16\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC16\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Minas Gerais&#39; ~ &#39;MG&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L17\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"17\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC17\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Par&amp;aacute;&#39; ~ &#39;PA&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L18\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"18\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC18\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Para&amp;iacute;ba&#39; ~ &#39;PB&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L19\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"19\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC19\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Paran&amp;aacute;&#39; ~ &#39;PR&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L20\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"20\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC20\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Pernambuco&#39; ~ &#39;PE&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L21\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"21\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC21\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Piau&amp;iacute;&#39; ~ &#39;PI&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L22\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"22\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC22\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Rio de Janeiro&#39; ~ &#39;RJ&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L23\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"23\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC23\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Rio Grande do Norte&#39; ~ &#39;RN&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L24\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"24\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC24\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Rio Grande do Sul&#39; ~ &#39;RS&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L25\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"25\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC25\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Rond&amp;ocirc;nia&#39; ~ &#39;RO&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L26\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"26\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC26\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Roraima&#39; ~ &#39;RR&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L27\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"27\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC27\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Santa Catarina&#39; ~ &#39;SC&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L28\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"28\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC28\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;S&amp;atilde;o Paulo&#39; ~ &#39;SP&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L29\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"29\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC29\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Sergipe&#39; ~ &#39;SE&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L30\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"30\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC30\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                             `UF [-]` == &#39;Tocantins&#39; ~ &#39;TO&#39;)) -&gt; ibge<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L31\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"31\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC31\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">colnames(ibge) &lt;- c(&#39;estado&#39;, &#39;pop&#39;, &#39;dens_demo&#39;)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L32\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"32\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC32\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Ignorar a \u00faltima linha que n\u00e3o tem informa\u00e7\u00e3o relacionada aos estados<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-L33\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"33\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-6-r-LC33\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">ibge &lt;- slice(ibge, 1:27)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/9e7b8d3e4f9021029b3ae54804451458\/raw\/1f4ac63e456fe3602fe1b89f30755a711fbe704d\/6.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/9e7b8d3e4f9021029b3ae54804451458#file-6-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          6.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">I merged the three datasets in just one, with all the information I need, corrected the data type in each column and deleted the variables that will no longer be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102201115\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-7-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"7.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 09:11PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"7.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">df &lt;- merge(x = casos_obitos, y = mobility, by.x = c(&#39;estado&#39;), by.y = c(&#39;region&#39;))<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">df &lt;- merge(x = df, y = ibge, by.x = c(&#39;estado&#39;))<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">rm(casos_obitos, mobility, ibge)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">\n<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Setting the correct column types<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-7-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">df[, c(2,3,5:12)] &lt;- sapply(df[, c(2,3,5:12)], as.numeric)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/9c6f60f581242b6716c2b93525534db0\/raw\/a5ae9d54e94944540d23eb5cc32bb62f148ce39f\/7.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/9c6f60f581242b6716c2b93525534db0#file-7-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          7.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data visualization<\/h3>\n\n\n\t<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-gif aligncenter\">\n\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-gif-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:62%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/giphy.com\/embed\/3og0IExSrnfW2kUaaI\" title=\"graph\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Based on these data, something I would like to analyze is the average daily rate of growth in the number of cases and deaths in relation to the changes in displacements that individuals in that state experienced. For example, the code below will plot the graph below that you see right after it. The size of the points is related to the population of the states and the color to the demographic density of that state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102201156\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-8a-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"8a.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 09:15PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"8a.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">ggplot(df, aes(x=growth_rate_casos, y=retail_and_recreation,size=pop,color=dens_demo)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  geom_point(shape=19) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  geom_smooth() +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_color_gradient(name = &quot;Densidade\\ndemogr\u00e1fica&quot;, low=&quot;blue&quot;, high=&quot;red&quot;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                       labels = c(&#39;100 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;200 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L7\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"7\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC7\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;300 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L8\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"8\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC8\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;400 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L9\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"9\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC9\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;500 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L10\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"10\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC10\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_size_continuous(name = &quot;Popula\u00e7\u00e3o&quot;, labels = c(&#39;1 milh\u00e3o hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L11\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"11\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC11\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;10 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L12\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"12\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC12\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;20 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L13\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"13\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC13\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;30 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L14\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"14\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC14\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;40 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L15\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"15\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC15\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;50 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L16\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"16\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC16\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  xlab(&#39;Taxa de crescimento m\u00e9dio de n\u00famero de casos por dia desde o primeiro caso confirmado&#39;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L17\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"17\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC17\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  ylab(&#39;Varia\u00e7\u00e3o de mobilidade para fins de\\n lazer e varejo&#39;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L18\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"18\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC18\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  labs(caption = &quot;Ribeiro-Dantas, MC. April, 2020. mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog&quot;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L19\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"19\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC19\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L20\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"20\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC20\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_x_continuous(labels = function(x) paste0(sprintf(&quot;%0.0f&quot;, x), &#39;%&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L21\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"21\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC21\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  ggtitle(&quot;Taxa m\u00e9dia di\u00e1ria de casos novos e deslocamento&quot;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-L22\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"22\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-8a-r-LC22\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">ggrepel::geom_label_repel(aes(label = df$estado), size=3)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/fccf45f75792ee4e746b11ba7a358880\/raw\/be8d7ae645a74c7f68d04025a963593dc19ed946\/8a.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/fccf45f75792ee4e746b11ba7a358880#file-8a-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          8a.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3515\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/retail_and_recreation-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"retail_and_recreation-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3515\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation-3.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The greatest variation occurred in this type of mobility, for retail and leisure locations, which is cool from the point of view of the lockdown (leisure), but controversial from the economic point of view (retail), even though e-commerce has been pretty active in some segments in some countries. The state with the lowest reduction was Par\u00e1 and even still it had a ~60% reduction, which is a substantial reduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">The code below will plot the graph right after it, this time with respect to the average daily rate of the number of new deaths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102201239\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-9a-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"9a.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 09:23PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"9a.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">ggplot(df, aes(x=growth_rate_obitos, y=workplaces,size=pop,color=dens_demo)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">    geom_point(shape=19) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">    geom_smooth() +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">    scale_color_gradient(name = &quot;Densidade\\ndemogr\u00e1fica&quot;, low=&quot;blue&quot;, high=&quot;red&quot;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                         labels = c(&#39;100 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                    &#39;200 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L7\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"7\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC7\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                    &#39;300 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L8\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"8\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC8\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                    &#39;400 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L9\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"9\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC9\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                    &#39;500 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L10\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"10\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC10\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">    scale_size_continuous(name = &quot;Popula\u00e7\u00e3o&quot;, labels = c(&#39;1 milh\u00e3o hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L11\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"11\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC11\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                         &#39;10 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L12\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"12\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC12\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                         &#39;20 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L13\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"13\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC13\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                         &#39;30 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L14\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"14\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC14\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                         &#39;40 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L15\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"15\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC15\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                         &#39;50 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L16\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"16\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC16\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">    xlab(&#39;Taxa de crescimento m\u00e9dio de n\u00famero de \u00f3bitos por dia desde o primeiro caso confirmado&#39;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L17\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"17\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC17\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">    ylab(&#39;Varia\u00e7\u00e3o de mobilidade para ambiente\\n de trabalho&#39;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L18\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"18\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC18\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">    labs(caption = &quot;Ribeiro-Dantas, MC. April, 2020. mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog&quot;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L19\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"19\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC19\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">    ggtitle(&quot;Taxa m\u00e9dia de \u00f3bitos novos e deslocamento&quot;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-L20\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"20\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-9a-r-LC20\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">    ggrepel::geom_label_repel(aes(label = df$estado), size=3)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/ad4a0885fd263bd37a2c8b440e3fa8f3\/raw\/90eaf94c2f521a87ad29abf1ebc9fbd6f8d9ded4\/9a.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/ad4a0885fd263bd37a2c8b440e3fa8f3#file-9a-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          9a.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3411\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/pt\/2020\/04\/05\/mobilidade-e-numero-de-casos-durante-covid19-no-brasil\/retail_and_recreation_o\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"retail_and_recreation_o\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_o.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">I thought about not publishing the image above, for fear that someone would use it for disinformation purposes. However, I preferred to leave it and explain here why it gives the wrong information and why I decided not to plot the other images based on the average daily rate of new deaths. Esp\u00edrito Santo had the first death of COVID19 on April 2nd, on April 3rd it had three more deaths (300% growth) and another one on April 4th (25% growth). On the average of these two growth rates, we have about ~162%, a total of 5 deaths, which throws Esp\u00edrito Santo to the right corner of the chart above, quite different from the other states. Does he deserve this? Cear\u00e1 had 3 deaths on March 26, and another death on March 28 (33% increase), a total of 4 deaths. Average? 16.6%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">By changing the name of the variable in the code for the first chart, you can get the other charts. They follow below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3516\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"grocery_and_pharmacy-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy-3.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3517\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/parks-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"parks-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks-3.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3518\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/residential-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"residential-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential-3.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">This is the only graph where we had an increase in mobility, instead of a decrease, but it makes sense. People are staying at home or walking nearby to practice physical exercises, such as jogging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3519\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/transit_stations-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"transit_stations-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3519\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations-3.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3520\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/workplace-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"workplace-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace-3.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">As an experiment, I decided to use the total number of confirmed cases instead of the average daily rate of new cases. Code and plots are below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102201792\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-11-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"11.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 10:27PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"11.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">brasil &lt;- read_csv2(file = &#39;brasil n_casos.csv&#39;)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">brasil %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  group_by(estado) %&gt;%<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  summarise(total = sum(casosNovos)) -&gt; brasil<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">df &lt;- merge(x = df, y = brasil, by = c(&#39;estado&#39;))<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">\n<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L7\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"7\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC7\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">\n<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L8\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"8\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC8\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">library(ggplot2)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L9\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"9\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC9\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># Scatter plots<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L10\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"10\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC10\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"># retail_and_recreation<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L11\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"11\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC11\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">ggplot(df, aes(x=growth_rate_obitos, y=retail_and_recreation,size=pop,color=dens_demo)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L12\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"12\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC12\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  geom_point(shape=19) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L13\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"13\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC13\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  geom_smooth() +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L14\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"14\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC14\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_color_gradient(name = &quot;Densidade\\ndemogr\u00e1fica&quot;, low=&quot;blue&quot;, high=&quot;red&quot;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L15\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"15\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC15\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                       labels = c(&#39;100 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L16\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"16\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC16\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;200 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L17\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"17\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC17\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;300 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L18\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"18\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC18\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;400 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L19\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"19\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC19\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;500 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L20\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"20\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC20\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_size_continuous(name = &quot;Popula\u00e7\u00e3o&quot;, labels = c(&#39;1 milh\u00e3o hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L21\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"21\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC21\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;10 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L22\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"22\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC22\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;20 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L23\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"23\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC23\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;30 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L24\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"24\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC24\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;40 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L25\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"25\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC25\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;50 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L26\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"26\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC26\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  xlab(&#39;N\u00famero total de casos confirmados em 5 de Abril&#39;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L27\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"27\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC27\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  ylab(&#39;Varia\u00e7\u00e3o de mobilidade para fins de\\n lazer e varejo&#39;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L28\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"28\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC28\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  labs(caption = &quot;Ribeiro-Dantas, MC. April, 2020. mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog&quot;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L29\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"29\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC29\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  ggtitle(&quot;Total de casos confirmados e deslocamento&quot;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-L30\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"30\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-11-r-LC30\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  ggrepel::geom_label_repel(aes(label = df$estado), size=3)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/9bca8a901bfb084a12cb3a03b05cc7e4\/raw\/457006744043a4569cf49394848ce83eaaed4b3c\/11.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/9bca8a901bfb084a12cb3a03b05cc7e4#file-11-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          11.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3522\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/rplot-2-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Rplot-2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Rplot-2.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As you can see, there is a very large disparity on the x-axis with S\u00e3o Paulo displaced when compared to the other states. For this reason, I decided to apply a logarithmic transformation (log10) on the x-axis, as you can see in the code below and graphs below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102202244\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-12-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"12.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 11:20PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"12.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">ggplot(df, aes(x=total, y=retail_and_recreation,size=pop,color=dens_demo)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  geom_point(shape=19) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  geom_smooth() +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_color_gradient(name = &quot;Densidade\\ndemogr\u00e1fica&quot;, low=&quot;blue&quot;, high=&quot;red&quot;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                       labels = c(&#39;100 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;200 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L7\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"7\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC7\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;300 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L8\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"8\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC8\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;400 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L9\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"9\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC9\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                  &#39;500 hab\/km\u00b2&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L10\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"10\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC10\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_size_continuous(name = &quot;Popula\u00e7\u00e3o&quot;, labels = c(&#39;1 milh\u00e3o hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L11\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"11\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC11\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;10 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L12\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"12\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC12\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;20 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L13\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"13\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC13\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;30 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L14\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"14\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC14\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;40 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;,<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L15\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"15\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC15\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">                                                       &#39;50 milh\u00f5es hab&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L16\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"16\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC16\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  xlab(&#39;N\u00famero total de casos confirmados em 5 de Abril&#39;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L17\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"17\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC17\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  ylab(&#39;Varia\u00e7\u00e3o de mobilidade para fins de\\n lazer e varejo&#39;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L18\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"18\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC18\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  labs(caption = &quot;Ribeiro-Dantas, MC. April, 2020. mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog&quot;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L19\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"19\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC19\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent_format(accuracy = 1)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L20\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"20\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC20\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_x_continuous(labels = function(x) paste0(sprintf(&quot;%0.0f&quot;, x), &#39;%&#39;)) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L21\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"21\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC21\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  scale_x_continuous(trans=&#39;log10&#39;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L22\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"22\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC22\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  ggtitle(&quot;Total de casos confirmados e deslocamento&quot;) +<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-L23\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"23\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-12-r-LC23\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">  ggrepel::geom_label_repel(aes(label = df$estado), size=3)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/44a2e2cca032ba395d0aa8713cf90060\/raw\/dfd10f017c166c6ba88b326873d9b0941e77a9e0\/12.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/44a2e2cca032ba395d0aa8713cf90060#file-12-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          12.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3462\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/pt\/2020\/04\/05\/mobilidade-e-numero-de-casos-durante-covid19-no-brasil\/retail_and_recreation_t-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"retail_and_recreation_t-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/retail_and_recreation_t-3.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3463\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/pt\/2020\/04\/05\/mobilidade-e-numero-de-casos-durante-covid19-no-brasil\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grocery_and_pharmacy_t-2.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3464\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/pt\/2020\/04\/05\/mobilidade-e-numero-de-casos-durante-covid19-no-brasil\/parks_t-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks_t-2.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"parks_t-2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks_t-2.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks_t-2.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/parks_t-2.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3464\" 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sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3465\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/pt\/2020\/04\/05\/mobilidade-e-numero-de-casos-durante-covid19-no-brasil\/residential_t-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"residential_t-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/residential_t-1.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3466\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/pt\/2020\/04\/05\/mobilidade-e-numero-de-casos-durante-covid19-no-brasil\/transit_stations_t-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"transit_stations_t-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/transit_stations_t-1.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2518\" height=\"1200\" data-attachment-id=\"3467\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/pt\/2020\/04\/05\/mobilidade-e-numero-de-casos-durante-covid19-no-brasil\/workplace_t-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?fit=2518%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2518,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"workplace_t-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?fit=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?fit=640%2C305&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?fit=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?w=2518&amp;ssl=1 2518w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?resize=300%2C143&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?resize=1024%2C488&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?resize=768%2C366&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?resize=1536%2C732&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?resize=2048%2C976&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/workplace_t-1.png?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">I could go on plotting the data for the 6 types of displacement with the lethality rate, among other metrics, but I believe it is better to move towards the ending of this post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disclaimer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">There is an uncontrollable urge within all of us to be useful, especially at a time like this, of a pandemic. We feel bold, eager to jump at the first opportunity we can to draw conclusions from the information we are given. While good intent is commendable, we need to have a lot of responsibility. Some people may be tempted to assess the quarantine intervention based on this data. <strong>This is a terrible idea<\/strong>. Google data compares two moments in time, before the intervention (a point in time that in the opinion of some can be seen as an arbitrary choice) and March 29, 2020. Even if we had this information throughout the period, per day, we would still be establishing only a correlation. And, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc\">as we all know<\/a>, <strong>correlation does not imply causation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Likewise, some of my decisions may seem arbitrary to others. Let&#8217;s look at the metric I used, for example, the average daily rate of growth in the number of cases or deaths. Let&#8217;s say that there is a state <em>A<\/em> that over the first 10 days after the first confirmed case had its cases cumulatively distributed as follows: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 8, 10, with a total of 10 confirmed patients. That is, 1 patient confirmed on the first day and suddenly seven more patients confirmed on the ninth day and two more on the tenth day. Another state <em>B<\/em> had over the first 10 days after the first confirmed case the cases distributed as follows: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Also 10 patients. Shall we calculate the fee?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.gist table { margin-bottom: 0; }<\/style><div style=\"tab-size: 8\" id=\"gist102201379\" class=\"gist\">\n    <div class=\"gist-file\" translate=\"no\" data-color-mode=\"light\" data-light-theme=\"light\">\n      <div class=\"gist-data\">\n        \n<div class=\"js-gist-file-update-container js-task-list-container\">\n      <div id=\"file-10-r\" class=\"file my-2\">\n    \n    <div itemprop=\"text\"\n      class=\"Box-body p-0 blob-wrapper data type-r  \"\n      style=\"overflow: auto\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\"\n      aria-label=\"10.R content, created by mribeirodantas on 09:38PM on April 05, 2020.\"\n    >\n\n        \n<div class=\"js-check-hidden-unicode js-blob-code-container blob-code-content\">\n\n  <template class=\"js-file-alert-template\">\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash flash-warn flash-full d-flex flex-items-center\">\n  <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n    <span>\n      This file contains hidden or bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters.\n      <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.co\/hiddenchars\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more about bidirectional Unicode characters<\/a>\n    <\/span>\n\n\n  <div data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"flash-action\">        <a href=\"{{ revealButtonHref }}\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"btn-sm btn\">    Show hidden characters\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/template>\n<template class=\"js-line-alert-template\">\n  <span aria-label=\"This line has hidden Unicode characters\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"line-alert tooltipped tooltipped-e\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" data-view-component=\"true\" class=\"octicon octicon-alert\">\n    <path d=\"M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span><\/template>\n\n  <table data-hpc class=\"highlight tab-size js-file-line-container\" data-tab-size=\"4\" data-paste-markdown-skip data-tagsearch-path=\"10.R\">\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L1\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"1\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC1\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">&gt; A &lt;- c(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,8,10)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L2\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"2\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC2\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">&gt; B &lt;- c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L3\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"3\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC3\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">&gt; growth_rate(A)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L4\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"4\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC4\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> [1]  NA   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 700  25<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L5\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"5\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC5\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">&gt; sum(growth_rate(A), na.rm=TRUE)\/length(A)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L6\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"6\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC6\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">[1] 72.5<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L7\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"7\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC7\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">&gt;<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L8\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"8\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC8\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">&gt; growth_rate(B)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L9\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"9\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC9\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\"> [1]        NA 100.00000  50.00000  33.33333  25.00000  20.00000  16.66667  14.28571  12.50000<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L10\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"10\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC10\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">[10]  11.11111<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L11\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"11\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC11\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">&gt; sum(growth_rate(B), na.rm=TRUE)\/length(B)<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-L12\" class=\"blob-num js-line-number js-blob-rnum\" data-line-number=\"12\"><\/td>\n          <td id=\"file-10-r-LC12\" class=\"blob-code blob-code-inner js-file-line\">[1] 28.28968<\/td>\n        <\/tr>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"gist-meta\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/67e7027faa9b542c043d34f00893d59c\/raw\/7405239055fd0549a5ae989de431b2f6e6d1b390\/10.R\" style=\"float:right\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">view raw<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/mribeirodantas\/67e7027faa9b542c043d34f00893d59c#file-10-r\" class=\"Link--inTextBlock\">\n          10.R\n        <\/a>\n        hosted with &#10084; by <a class=\"Link--inTextBlock\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\">GitHub<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">As you can see, state <em>A<\/em> had an average daily rate of new cases more than twice that of state <em>B<\/em>. If this data accurately reflects reality, I would be a little more relaxed, but unfortunately, we cannot be sure. Perhaps, state <em>A<\/em> was state <em>B<\/em> in a parallel universe where the laboratory that performs the tests received many samples and ended up releasing the result from 7 patients at once on the ninth day. Although I hope that the states update their data to confirm the case on the day the patient had the sample collected, there is no guarantee that this is being done in this way, and by all states the same way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In an <a href=\"https:\/\/noticias.r7.com\/brasil\/covid-19-transparencia-em-90-dos-estados-e-insuficiente-diz-pesquisa-03042020\">analysis<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/br.okfn.org\/\">Open Knowledge Brasil<\/a>, which evaluates the content, format, and details of what is published on state and federal government portals, the authors concluded that transparency in relation to COVID-19 is insufficient in 90% of Brazilian states. I confess that I am actually impressed with <a href=\"https:\/\/covid-insumos.saude.gov.br\/\">some<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/covid.saude.gov.br\/\">actions<\/a> by the federal government, <a href=\"http:\/\/covid.lais.ufrn.br\/\">state<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/dados.seplag.pe.gov.br\/apps\/corona.html\">governments<\/a>, and even the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/einsteindata4u\/covid19\/\">private sector<\/a>, but to do responsible and professional analysis, we need more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I am publishing this post in order to disseminate these datasets, teach a little R and data analysis and encourage others who may have more \/ better data and can perform a more professional analysis. As a homework assignment, for those who are after one: razz: it would be interesting to go after the publications in the official journals of when each state instituted the lockdown (banning retail, for example) and make an analysis of the variations based on this: wink:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I will soon organize the codes and make them available on a GitHub repository.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PS: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dimap.ufrn.br\/~rafaelbg\">Rafael Gomes<\/a> has written <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dimap.ufrn.br\/~rafaelbg\/covid.html\">a code (and a blog post making use of it)<\/a> to extract not only the value on March 29, but all over the period shown in plots of the report. I&#8217;m sharing it as a nudge for people who are looking for something more advanced to do \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\"><b>Reading time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 9<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/b><\/span><\/span>Did Brazil really stopped with the COVID-19 pandemic? Let&#8217;s analyze some datasets from IBGE, the Ministry of Healthcare and data from Google Mobility report and check it out..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[69,24,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-data-science","category-r","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mobility and COVID-19 cases. Did Brazil stop? - The Dataist Storyteller<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mribeirodantas.xyz\/blog\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/mobility-and-covid-19-cases-did-brazil-stop\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mobility and COVID-19 cases. Did Brazil stop? - The Dataist Storyteller\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Reading time:  9 minutesDid Brazil really stopped with the COVID-19 pandemic? 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